Urine pH and Cancer

Urine pH and Cancer

DISEASE	SUMMARY	JOURNAL PUBLISHED / LINK
Recurrent Bladder Cancer	(1)   Results suggest that urinary pH less than 5.5 increases the risk of bladder recurrence in UTUC patients after surgery, especially with smoking history. Modifying pH for urine alkalization might improve bladder recurrence rate after surgery in UTUC patients with smoking history (2)   past history of smoking is a risk factor of bladderrecurrence after surgery in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) (3)   Bladder recurrence-free survival (BRFS) wascalculated by the Kaplan-Meir method.BRFS in patients with pH less than 5.5 was significantly lower than it in those withpH 5.5 or more. (4)   patients without smoking history, therewas no significant difference between lower and higher urinary pHgroups	Vol. 193, No. 4S, Supplement, Friday, May 15, 2015, THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Hiroki Ide, Eiji Kikuchi, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Akira Miyajima, and Mototsugu Oya URINARY PH IS HIGHLY ASSOCIATED WITH BLADDER RECURRENCE AFTER NEPHROURETERECTOMY FOR UPPER URINARY TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE SMOKING HISTORY
Bladder Cancer	(1)   A consistently acidic urine pH <=6.0 was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (Odds ratio = 1.5) (2)   Risk estimates for smoking intensity and risk of bladder cancer among current smokers tended to be higher for those with a consistently acidic urine (Odds ratio = 8) (3)   These results suggest that urine pH, which is determined primarily by diet and body surface area, may be an important modifier of smoking and risk of bladder cancer.  (4)   We observed a dose–response relationship in bladder cancer risk with increasing urinary acidity, with no association among non-smokers, a weak association among former smokers, a strong association among current smokers and with evidence of interaction between having consistently acidic urinary pH and heavy smoking (measured every day for several days).	Carcinogenesis vol.32 no.6 pp.843–847, 2011 Alguacil et al
DISEASE	SUMMARY	JOURNAL PUBLISHED / LINK
Bladder Cancer	(1)  Acidic urine was independently associated with reduced RFS and OS in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. (2)    Acidic urine contributing to an acidic tumor environment may promote aggressive behavior in bladder cancer	Frontiers in Oncology, 2022, Aug., 2022, 351 patients, citations 2 Jang H Han et al., Seoul Univ., Soth Korea Prognosis in Bladder Cancer
Smoking and Bladder Cancer	(1)   More than 350 000 individuals are diagnosed with incident bladder cancer per year worldwide, including more than 70 000 per year in the United States (2)   Compared with a pooled estimate of US data from cohorts initiated between 1963 and 1987 (3)   In conclusion, tobacco smoking was a strong risk factor for bladder cancer, with (population attributable risk) PARs of approximately 50% in both men and women.  (4)   Participants who quit 10 years or more before baseline had lower incidence rates of bladder cancer than those who quit 1 to 4 years or 5 to 9 years before baseline. Nevertheless, relative to never smokers, relative risks remained increased for men and women who quit even 10 years or more before baseline.  (5)   Previous studies indicate that the population attributable risk (PAR) of bladder cancer for tobacco smoking is 50% to 65% in men and 20% to 30% in women and that current cigarette smoking triples bladder cancer risk relative to never smoking. During the last 30 years, incidence rates have remained stable in the United States in men (123.8 per 100 000 person-years to 142.2 per 100 000 person-years) and women (32.5 per 100 000 person-years to 33.2 per 100 000 person-years);	JAMA. 2011;306(7):737-745 Neal D. Freedman, PhD, MPH; Debra T. Silverman, ScD, ScM; Albert R. Hollenbeck, PhD; Arthur Schatzkin, MD, DrPH; Christian C. Abnet, PhD, MPH Association Between Smoking and Risk of Bladder Cancer Among Men and Women

Cancer Statistics

USA: Cancer facts and figures: 1.98 M diagnosed in 2022, out of which over 0.6 M or 32% died

Cancer in Australia statistics: 162k diagnosed in 2022, out of which 50k Or 31% died

Cancer in India: 1.46 M diagnosed in 2022, i.e. 104 per 100,000 i.e. 1 in 9 people likely to develop cancer in his/her lifetime